ESSAY PLAN
‘How significant have Britain’s tabloid
newspapers been in influencing public opinion during the recent EU referendum’
Migrain= (G)
SHEP= (S)
Introduction
-What
was the EU referendum? When was it and what was the result.
-Introduce
the main newspapers I will be analysing, the sun and the guardian and explain
the idea of the political spectrum. Left and right wing ideologies.
Quotes/key words/theory,texts,citations
-Marxism
and pluralism
-‘
All I know is what I read in the newspaper’ (Will Rogers) opening sentence, ‘setting the agenda, Author Maxwell McCombs,
first published in 2004, polity press, November 27th 2016. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VAHXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&lpg=PT16&dq=the+news+media+can+set+the+agenda+for+public+thought+and+discussion.+Sometimes+the+media+does+more+than+this&source=bl&ots=xE3B5IPt5M&sig=9SUqxv7LJ3dHUy4kf1OGxULJWGM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiM78PX6dDQAhUmBMAKHVREB6cQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=the%20news%20media%20can%20set%20the%20agenda%20for%20public%20thought%20and%20discussion.%20Sometimes%20the%20media%20does%20more%20than%20this&f=false
Section 1
-Reiterate the results and begin to develop idea of how the newspapers
in question may have had a significant influence.
-Statistics and quotes relating to readership of the print newspapers
and evaluate how dominate they might be- backed up with quotes
-Introduction to texts, the sun front page and the guardian front page.
-Brief history of both papers who they had previously supported
Quotes/key words/theory,texts
-Uses and gratifications theory-Blumler and Katz
-Socio economic groups
-Action and enigma codes-Barthes
-‘The results
suggested that newspapers were the fifth
most influential source of influence with 44 percent of the public saying that
newspapers would be likely to shape their views as opposed to 34 percent saying
that they were unlikely to be influenced by them.’-http://politics.webershandwick.co.uk/the-role-of-newspapers-in-the-eu-referendum/
-A
minority of media producers always serve a majority of media consumers, paretos
law.
Section 2a
-Textual
analysis of main text- firstly the suns front page
-‘beleave
in britain’
-Right
leaning and mainly supporting conservative ideologies
-Large
font black and white ‘simple as black and white’ to vote leave.
-unionjack
flad in background of leave- patriotism
-play
on words/ambiguous- ‘BeLEAVE’ believing in Britain as a solo nation and capital
LEAVE to remind voters to vote leave in the upcoming referendum.
Quotes/key words/theory,texts
-“I once
asked Rupert Murdoch why he was so opposed to the European Union. 'That’s
easy,' he replied. 'When I go into Downing Street they do what I say; when I go
to Brussels they take no notice,” Rupert Murdochhttps://www.indy100.com/article/this-terrifying-rupert-murdoch-quote-is-possibly-the-best-reason-to-stay-in-the-eu-yet--WyMaFTE890x
- Marxist
argument applied to what Murdoch said
-Hypodermic
needle model
-Section 2b
- compare to
the guardian text
-analyse
front page in detail, central photo of despair, middle class white people socio
economic grouping
-Ambiguous
wording of title, denoting that we are leaving the European union and current
PM is under pressure but it also suggests we are a ship setting course to leave
the EU and be even more isolated than we already are.
-text
surrounding central image-important for viewer to read, instead of showing
support for remain campaign it tell its audience that it is likely to lose the
referendum
Quotes/key words/theory,texts
-
Subliminal effects
theory- telling people what to think about and not how to think, this is
suggesting to their audience that hope is pretty much lost and this could have
caused voters to abstain and not cast their vote as they would have though it
would count for nothing, 72.2% of electorate voted, 25% didn’t vote this could
have been a factor
-‘A recent
Oxford university study found that of 928 articles taken from the first two
months of the referendum campaign, 45% supported Brexit while only 27% backed
remaining in the EU, leaving 19% undecided and 9% concentrating on other
stories.’-http://www.newsworks.org.uk/Opinion/how-influential-was-the-press-during-the-referendum
-
the guardian front page
Section 3a
-Secondary text-daily express ‘1M MIGRANTS TO FLODD BRITAIN’
-Significance of fake news, fake news rising
Quotes/key words/theory,texts
-‘The
1973 oil crisis in Germany resulted from a sharp rise in demand stimulated by
intense press coverage, not from any critical decrease in supply’ ‘setting the agenda, Author Maxwell
McCombs, first published in 2004, polity press, November 27th 2016.
-
‘the news media can set the agenda for public thought and
discussion, sometimes they do more than that’ page 2 ^
- “Inaccurate stories like
this lead to a toxic public debate which very much affects how we treat
refugees and migrants who are often in fear for their lives and futures. We are
pleased this has been corrected, but we cannot continue to set our nation’s policy
in a context of half-truths and headline grabbing distortions of reality.’ https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jun/17/daily-mail-publishes-correction-story-migrants-from-europe
-hypodermic needle model mass media has a direct,
immediate, powerful and uniform effect on its audiences.
Section 3b
-The independent
front page ‘island’
- Marxism vs
pluralism argument – the independent
owned by a Russian socialist- audience type
Quotes/key words/theory,texts
-marxist argument
-‘Newspaper readers
tend to vote for parties that broadly represent their interests, in the same
way they buy newspapers that broadly speak to their interests’http://www.city.ac.uk/news/2015/april/newspapers-influence-election
Section 4
-Historical text
-1997 general
election- Tony Blair coming to power
- Circulation of the
sun-newspaper headlines…previous success ‘it’s the sun wot one it’
Quotes/key words/theory,texts
- ‘overall during the 1997
campaign more than twice as many people were reading newspapers that backed
labour as we're reading one that supported the conservatives’ page 164- The political communication
reader james stayner, first published in
2007 published by routledge, 28th noviembre 2016
- ‘The Sun, which had waged a vitriolic campaign against his Labour rival
Neil Kinnock, claimed the
glory. When the paper switched sides and backed Labour's Tony
Blair in 1997, it was again seen as a key moment.’- http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-eu-referendum-36526778
-hypodermic needle model
-Marxism hegemony
Section 5
-Issues/debates
Issues/debates
Hate
crimes stemming from result of EU referendum, the sun not making obvious link
to brexit as a supporter of it.
Lack of
censorship because of freedom of speech meant newspapers could lie on their
front pages.
‘The
brother of the Polish man claims he was attacked by the teenagers because
they heard him speaking in his mother tongue’
70% of the UK national market is controlled by just three companies (News UK, Daily Mail and General Trust, and Trinity Mirror), with Rupert Murdoch’s News UK fully holding a third of the entire market share.
http://www.mediareform.org.uk/media-ownership/the-elephant-in-the-room
News Corp. controls 20% of the market share across all UK media outlets, almost twice that of the public service news services provided by the BBC.
News Corp. controls 20% of the market share across all UK media outlets, almost twice that of the public service news services provided by the BBC.
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